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Kan pi leh  pute Ran vulh zinga lar leh a hming kan sawi zin ber chu ‘Sial ’ hi a ni ti ila kan sawi sual awm lo ve. Engtik  atang khan nge kan pi pute’n Sial hi an lo vulh tih hre chiah lo mah ila an vulhna a rei tawh hle a ni tih an thawn thu leh chanchin kan hriat theih chin atangin a ngaihruat theih awm e. An sawi dan phei chuan Sial hi Um mu atanga rawn piang niin a bu dan pawh ‘Um-mu’ a ni  e an ti a. Dik tak maw?! Khampat leh Run kama an awm lai pawh khan an lo vulh daih tawh a ni tih a hun laia lal lar Lersia Se chi tha chanchin atang paw’n kan hre thei a ni.

Thawnthu maia sawi ni mah se Sial hi an ran vulh hmasa pawl tak a ni ngei ang a tih theih a. Chu mai a ni lo, an nuna bet tlat leh  Ro hlu pawimawh tak pakhat a ni. Khuangchawi dawnin Sial a ngai ngei ngei thin a tin, nupui tur man leh mualah an hmang a, an thil neih hlutna tehna kha Sial chuti zat tiin an sawi fo thin.

Lei chawina’n pawh Sial an hmang thin a nih kha.  Chuti khawpa kan pi leh pute ran pawimawh leh ngainat chu tunah erawh kan ramah hmuh tur a awm meuh ta lo. Mizoram chhimtawp leh khawchhak lamah tih loh chuan hmuh tur a vang hle  a, a rem mai ang tih a hlauhthawnawm tak zet a ni.

Sial te hi khawvel hmundangah pawh vang tak a ni a, a tlem em avangin kum 2002 khan nungchate humhalh tu pawl IUCN chuan, a chi bo a bo mai thei hlauhthawnawm (endangered species)-ah a puang hial a ni.  Hetiang ransa vang tak  kan rama a awm vet tlat mai hi kan humhalha a hlutna kan zir chiana hmalak a ngai hle a ni.

History: Sial hi khawii ram/hnam-in nge vulh hmasa ber tih hi hriat a harsa hle a.  Sawi rintlak deuh ber chu Assam chhak lam Burma ramri dep vel atanga vulh tan niin  an sawi.  Amaherawhchu, “Chulai hmun chu a ni e” tia chiangfaka han sawi tur erawh a awm lova, inhnialna nasa tak a awm thei bawk. Kum 8000 liam ta vel khan vulh tan niin an sawi a.

Ram sial (Wild gaur) thlah niin zir mite chuan an sawi bawk. Sial hrim hrim hi chu heng ram China, Myanmar, Bhutan leh Bangladesh-ah te a awm ve a. India ramah hian NE states- Arunachal  Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoramah te leh  J&K-ah te chauh awm a ni. Keini ram chauh ni lo kan tribal puite, Naga te leh Arunachal te chuan Sial hi an ngai hlu ve hle a, an sakhua inthawinah te leh nupui pasal man leh mualah pawh tun thlengin hmun then khatah chuan sial an la hmang ve a ni.

Kum 2003 chhiarpui khan India ramah Sial 2,80,000 vel a awm a, heng zawng zawng atanga 1,92,000 vel hi Arunachal-ah a awma, 40,000 vel Nagaland-ah awmin 24,000 vel J&K-ah a awma, 20,000 vel Manipur-ah  leh 1,700 vel Mizoramah a awm a ni.

A pian hmang: Sial te hi ransa pian muk tak leh sa nghet tak an  ni a. A pa (male) hi a tlangpuiin  450-550kg leh a nu(female) hi 350-400kg a ni a. An awmna hmun a zirin  vun rawng chi hrang a awm a, a dum leh vara tial te , a dum hlang leh a buang te, Vut buak rawng te a awm a ni. Ki sei vak lo , beng parh tak, lu lian leh nghawng sek tha tak an nei a. An hnute bu a lian lovin an mei pawh bawng ai chuan a tawi a ni. National Ressearch cantre on Mithun, Nagaland-a record danah chuan Sial te hi an pian hlimin  a pa 23.82kg leh a nu 21.24kg  a rit a ni a, Thla 8-9 velah lakhran theih an ni.  A tlangpuiin Thla 13-15 velah talh theih a ni

A vulh dan tlangpui: Sial te hi ran vulh hautak lo tak an ni a, ramhnuaiah tlain an mahni in ei tur an in zawn chawp ve mai thin a.  A neitu te’n chaw a hranpain an pe lem lo. Nagaland leh Arunachal-ah te chuan a nei tu te’n an sial vulh an koh haw dawnin rimawi nen  ram hnuaiah an thawk chhuaka , chi tlang  kengin an liah tir a, an koh haw thin . A tlangpuiin tlangram hmun vawt leh hnawm lam an ngaina hle.

Ni sa an tuar thei lo hle a, Tlang ram tuipui zawl atnga teha 300-3000metres vela sangah an cheng deuh ber thin.  Nisa an tawrhin an chhawl a hal hma hle thin a, chhun nisa-ah chuan chawl hahdamin tui in tur an zawng ve thin. Ruah surin leichunglang tha a len bo vak thin vangin kan chenna tlangram angah hi chuan hnim hnahte hian Minerals an pai tlem hle a, chumi a nih a vang chuan an taksain an mamawh chawtha (mineral ) te phuhruk nan  Chi-al an liak fo thin a, chi hi an mamawh nasa hle a ni.

Tha chungchuang, Sialhnute: Sial hi a hnute sawr atan chuan vulh a ni meuh lova. A sa ei atan leh Leilettu a tan an hmang deuh ber thin.  A hnute hi sawrtlak leh intlakah pawh kan ngai lem lo. Kum 1988 khan Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) chuan Sial zirbingna hmun, National Research Centre on Mithun (NCRM) chu Nagaland-ah a din a. Chuta an thil hmun chhuah langsar tak pakhat chu Sial hnute that zia leh Bawnghnute aia a chungnung bik zia hi a ni.

Bawnghnute, Sialhnute leh Lawihnute mithiam te’n an khaihkhinna han tar lang i la.

Source: NRCM,1996

A chunga table kan tarlan ang khian Sialhnute hian Thau(fat) an pai tam hle a.  Bawnghnuteah 3.7% chauh a ni a, Lawihnute ah 6.5% ah a nih laiin Sial hnuteah chuan Thau 9.6% ngawt a awm a ni. Thau(Fat) per cent san leh san loh hi  bawnghnute quality tha leh tha lo tehna pawimawh ber pakhat a ni a, bawnghnute man chhutna chu Fat% eng zat nge  awm? tih a ni thin. MULCO-a bawng hnute hralh thin chuan kan hria ang, Fat % san dan a zir zelin kan bawng hnute man pawh a sang zel thin a nih kha.

Sialhnute te hi heng milk product kan tih-Cheese, Butter, Ghee, Paneer leh Rasgulla  siam nana duhthusam a ni. Thau mai bakah pawh Chawtha mihring hriselnan  thanlen nana pawimawh em em Protein  leh Total solid per cent-ah pawh Bawnghnute leh Lawihnute ai chuan a tha chungchuang hle a ni tih Table tang khian kan hre thei awm e.

Amaherawhchu, an hnute quality hi tha viau mah se a hnute sawrchhuah a tlem thung hle a.  A tlangpuiin nikhatah 1-1.5 litre vel pui khat atanga sawr chhuah theih tawk a ni a. Tuna kan vulh bawnglian chi Crossbreed( foreign bawng leh Zobawng thlahpawlh) atang hian nikhatah 8.5 litres vel sawr chhuah theih a ni a, zobawng atang hian nikhatah 1.5 litre vel pui khat atangin sawr chhuah theih a ni. A quality (nutritive value) sang viau ringawt mah se thar chhuah a tlem si chuan awm zia a va awm awmlo ve? tih zawhna a awm thei.

Amaherawhchu, hemi avang hian Arunachal Pradesh-ah chuan Bawng leh Sial an inthlahpawlh tira, chumi inthlahpawlh atang chuan a hnute a thar chhuak tam bik hle a , a quality that dan pawh sialhnute nen khan a inang reng a ni tih an hmuchhuaka an ram sawrkarin chu policy  chu a kal pui mek a ni. Chutiangbawkin, Bhutanah pawh Sial leh Bawng inthlahpawlh tirin Bawnghnute thami an tharchhuak mek a ni.

Sial vs Bawng: An hnute tam lam leh that lam chu kan khaihkhin tawh a, sawi nawn tawh lo mai ila. An than len danah han khaihkhain ve leh ila. Kum 2008 khan Dr. K.C. Das et al., NRCM ten zirna bingna (Feeding experiment) an neihah chuan ei leh in inang leh inzat rau rauvah Bawng aiin Sial te hi an thang chak zawk a ni tih an tarlang a. Kar 24 chhung an zir chiannaah bawng, nikhata a than len zat(daily weight gain) 447gm a nih laiin Sial erawh nitin 527gm in a thang lian ve thung a ni.

Sial sa hi hnipin paitawih pawh a nuam hle a. Tin, sial pum khat rih zawng atanga chhuta a, sa (kg) sah chhuah theih zat( dressing percentage) pawh a hniam lo hle a, 48-54%  vel a ni.  Kum 2007-08 AH & Vety Survey report a alan daniin Mizorama sial pakhat atang hian a sa 135kg vel a sah chuah theiha bawngah erawh a 114 kg vel chauh a sah chuah theih  a ni.

Chumai a la ni lo Sial vun te hi Savun Pheikhawk, Bag leh thawmhnaw dang siam nan a tha hle a.  Kan sawi tawh NRCM,Nagaland phei chuan W.Bengal Govt. College of Engineering & Leather Technology nena tangkawpin Sial vun atanga siam thawmhnaw tha tak tak a thawn chhuak mek a ni.

“Zosial,” Siamtu thilthlawnpek: Hnam tinte hi kan chenna hmun a zir leh kan kan khawsak dan a zirin, kan mamawh ang zelin Pathianin ‘Ran’ min pe ti ila kan sawi sual awm love. Kan ran vulhte hi kan Culture nen in kungkaihna thuk tak an nei fo thin. Engang paw’n  ram dang atangin ran chi tha la chhuakin kan ramah hian a hlawk zawk beiseiin vulh tum mahila harsat a awm ngei ngei thin. Chu chu sik leh sa thuah leh natna chung changah a ni.

Entirnan, vawk var pek puak hian nga ti nge vun natna an vei hma bik em em kan tih chuan kan sik leh sa hi an ngeih lova, ram vawt (temperate region) a vulh tur kha hmun lum (tropical region)-a kan vulh tlat vang a ni. Australian Bawng lian hi kan ramah hian Australia-a an vulh hlawk ang tak takin kan hlawkpui ve  lo vang. Heng ran lian pui pui te hi sik leh sa hrehawmah an tuar a zuau  bika natna hri an kai hma bik hle thin a ni. Chutih laiin kan ran neih sa te erawh hi chu sik leh sa khirh leh natna hrik lakah pawh natna an do let theihna (resistance) a sang bik em em a , an tuar a fei bik tlat thin a ni.

Tuna kan rama Sial awm Zosial te hi khawvel hmundanga awm ve lo Siamtuin a thlawna min pek liau liau a ni a. Chaw mumal pek pawh ngai lovin kum tam an dam, an thang lian chakin an hnute quality  lah duhthu sam a ni bawk si. Mizote zingah bawnghnute in lo leh sa ei lo kan tam lo khawp ang. Vantlang huap ruai siam nikhuaah Sial sa siam theih chu “Ropui” riauva ngaiahna hi a la reh tak tak lova, Mizote hi mizo kan nih chhung chuan a reh bawk hek lovang. Ram dang bawng kan vulh leh kan duat ang hian awm hahdam ve se, chaw tha tinreng nen chawm ila eng tiang chiah a hlawk tak ni ang maw?!

Hmabak: Sawrkar report-a a landanin kum 1997 khan  mizoramah sial 2590 a awma, kum 2003 ah 1740, kum 2007 ah 1930 a awm a. A pung chak lo hle tih a hriat hle a, pun a hnehin 1997 record a la pha lo reng reng tih a hriat a ni.  Mizorama sial te hi zir chiana record fel tak hmuh tur avangahle a.Sawrkar hian Mithun Breeding  farm Zawlnghakah ah nei ve bawk mah se tunah chuan a hming mai chuah a ni ta.

Sawi tawh angin he tiagn ran vang hi kan zir chian a  kan humhalha  a hlawkna tak tak( economic value ) kan hai chhuah a hun tak meuh a ni. Chumi ti tur chuan record fel tak kan neih a, nikhata a hnute sawr theih zat te,  a hnute quality  state dang aiin a tha nge a hniam, eng tik chhungin nge an pui tlin theih, ram hnuaia tla lovin bawng vulh ang vulh ve tai la kan hlawk pui a nge’m?

Heng bawng lian chi chawm hautak tak tak ai hian helamah hianhma la ta zawk ila kan hlawkpui zawk ange’m? . A genetic make up thlengin kan zir chian a tha khawp ang. Hemi ti tur hian Sawrkar lam atanga a harsa deuh a nih pawhi  Veterinary College kan ramah a awm ve a hman tangkai dan a awm em ang.

Awle, ‘Zosial’ hi Mizorama awmtur leh vulh tur a ni a, a that duhna hmun ber chu  Australia  emaw Switzerland emaw  ni lovin  he ram, Mizoram ngei hi a ni. He Zosial, Siamtu thil thlawn pek hi kan ti remin a chi boin a bo mai ang tih hlauh thawnawm tak a ni a,  chuvangin kan humhalh thata a hlutna kan zirchian a hun tak zet a ni.

(He article hi Zozam times-ah tih chhuah tawh a ni)

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