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Pathian thu zirnaa (Theology) pêng pawimawh tak mai chu Biblical criticism an tih hi a ni a, mi thenkhat ngaihdan anga Bible sawiselna emaw chinpawrna ngawr ngawr emaw ni lovin, chík taka Bible bihchianna tiin a sawi theih awm e. Biblical criticism thil tum ber chu Bible thuziakte belhchian an dawl em, tu nge a ziaktu, eng huna ziah nge, eng nge a thu ken tih zirchian a ni. Kum zabi hmalamah kha chuan Biblical criticism hi pênghnih-ah then a ni a, lower criticism leh higher criticism tih a ni thin.

Lower criticism (Textual Criticism an tih bawk) chuan Bible tawngbul, thumal leh kutziak (manuscripts) hrang hrang leh Bible version hrang hrang zir chiangin, atira a ziaktu rilru ang thlapa thu remkhawm a tum a. Higher criticism (historical criticism an tih bawk) erawh chuan Bible hi history anga pawm tlak a ni chiah em tih finfiah a tum ber. Bible-a bu hrang hrangte tobul leh aziaktute a chhui bakah  a hun laia Bible pâwn lama thuziakte nen an inmil em tihte a khaikhin thin a ni.

Lower criticism chungchangah hi chuan Pathian thu zirmite an lungrual tlanga, sawiselna pawh a awm meuh lo. Chuvangin tun tuma kan thlùrbing tur pawh hi Higher criticism hi a ni dawn a ni. Higher criticism sawiseltu leh dodaltu hi Conservative Christian-te zingah an pung chho mêk a, a bik takin inerrancy of Scriptures doctrine vuantute (Bible hi diklo thei lo a ni tih pawm tute) hian an helh em em a ni (helhna chhan tha tak pawh an nei ve reng a).

Higher critics-te hi pawlhnih-ah an in then phawk a; pawlkhat chuan Bible-a thilmak (supernatural) reng reng chu an hnawl bura, pawlkhat erawh chuan pawm harsa an tih viau lain, hnawl bur tur a ni em tih erawh chhàn harsa an ti ve hle thung. Higher criticism hian sawiselna namenlo tawkin, ‘Satana hmanrua’ tih hiala puhna tawk mahsela Christiante tan hian tangkaina tamtak a nei tih hi phatrual a ni lo.

A tangkaina langsar tak mai pakhat chu: King James Bible (Authorized version) chhung thu thenkhat inmil lo, lehlin fuhlo leh nambar diklo tamtak awmte a rawn hailan azarah Bible scholar ten kutziak (manuscripts) an zirchianna atangin Bible-a thu inkalh leh diklo ni a langte tihfiah a rawn ni chho ta zel hi a ni. Hei hian a entir chu: Pathian tihna thinlung leh Thlarau Thianghlim kaihhruaina hnuaia zir chuan Higher criticism hi Kohhran tana hmanrua tangkai tak a ni thei tih hi a ni.

Hetih rual hian piantharna tak chang si lova thiamna leh hriatna ringawt uma miin a zir erawh chuan thil hlauhawm tawpkhawk a ni thung. Thlarau leh taksa boralnaa hruailut thei tluka hmanrua hlauhawm a awm chuang lo. Hetiang hi a nih avangin Higher criticism nihna leh a tobul hi tunlai khawvel changkang tak maiah hian ringtuten kan hriatchian a pawimawh em em a ni. Pathian thu zirnaah hian Higher criticism tluka rinna leh thlarau lama mipuitling nih a tulna a awm kher awm love.  Rinnaa mipuitlinglo ten an zir thin avang hian Pathian thiltihtheihna an hnawla, khawvel finna leh hriatnaa hruaibova awmin, chutiang mite chuan midang an hruaibo velah chhawng thin a ni.

Higher criticism-in a sawidan emaw a ngaihdan emaw hi a dik ber hauh lova, Pathian thiltitheihna leh thilmak lam hi pawm harsa a tih avangin Bible thuziakte hi leilung dan pangngai leh khawvel kalphung pangngai anga chhuizau hi a tum hmasak ber a ni thin.

Higher criticism khawvelin a hmelhriat tanna ber chu kum zabi sawmpakuana vêla German mithiamte kha anni awm e. Hemi hma hian Higher criticism hi a la awm ngai lo tihna erawh chu a ni lo. France leh Holland rama mithiam thenkhat pawhin hetianga Bible zirna hi an lo nei ve tawh thin a (Erasmus-a te ho), amaherawhchu khawvel pum dengchhuak khawp chuan an lãrpui lem lo. German sawrkarin Germany-a Pathian thu zirna in zawng zawng sum leh pai  hmanga a thuneihna hnuaia a dah atang khan, Isua Kristaa piantharna nei lo mithiam pui pui ten Bible an han lipse ta tak tak a; a dik lo lai leh felhlel deuh lai hmuh phet tum ta na na na chuan thu hrilhfiah har (Bible difficulties) leh thu inkalh ni a lang (alleged contradictions) an hai chhuak ta teuh mai a.

Chung an thil hmuh an han puanzar chuan an zirlaite (Theological students) mai ni lo, khawvel ngaihsan an hlawh ta em em mai a ni—miril nih chak leh mí ngaihsan nih hi mihring zia a ni ve hrim hrim reng a ni. Hetianga Bible zirna hi ‘fing’ an tih em avangin mi rilru a hnehin a lar chak em em a, Europe a fan chhuak thuai a, America ram thlengin a darh ta a ni. Amaherawhchu Bible chungchanga an thil hmuh-ah te hian Bible diklohna finfiah theih pakhatmah an nei chuang hauh lo!

‘A ni thei ang’ tih te ‘ni lo thei’ tih te, ‘dah law maw’ tih vel mai mai vek a ni. Hemi avang hian thlarauva piantharna chang tawh leh chang ve lem lo ten Pathian thu an zir hian an thil zir chu thuhmun vek nimahse, an dawnsawn dan erawh chu chhim leh hmar ang daih a ni thung. Mi piangthar chuan Higher criticism leh thlarau lam thil a thliarhrang thiam tlat a ni.

Higher criticism hian engti ang chiahin nge Bible hi a chhuizauva, engtin nge a thlir reng reng tih leh Higher criticism-in Bible chík taka a zir dan hi belhchian a dawl em tih chík takin i han bih ve thung teh ang. Hemi rualin Zoramah hian engchenin nge bu a khuar ve tawh tihte pawh a ruangam kan hriat theih nan entirna tlem tarlang bawk ila: Tun hnaiah khan Mizoram nitin chanchinbuah Isaia bu chungchangah inhnialna kan hmu a; Theological college chhuak lam chuan Isaia bu hi Isaia ziak vek ni lovin, mi pahnih emaw pathum emaw kutchhuak a nih an ring a nih kha!

He ngaihdan hi engtin nge an neih mai theih? A chhãnna chu Higher criticism sawidan leh ngaihdan an zira (critical study hi Higher criticism-in a hrin chhuah tho a ni), chu chu an pawm ve tihna a ni mai. Chhan dang tlem chu awm ve mahse Higher criticism-in Isaia bu hi Isaia ziak vek anga  pawm harsa a tihna chhan ber chu, a hmalama sawi tawh ang khan, Pathian thiltihtheihna leh thilmak hi pawm harsa an tih vang a ni.

Isaia bung 1-39 hi Babulon saltan hma chanchin ziakna niin, 40-66 hi saltan hnu a ni a. Isaia kha Israelte Babulon sala hruai annih kha chuan a thi daih tawh si a, mahse saltan lai hun kha a hunlai ang mai khan bung 40-55-ah te a ziak bawk si a. Hei tak mai hi Higher critics ten an pawm loh chu a ni ta a ni. Tun hma zawng chuan Juda leh Christian ten Isaia ziak vek a nih hi an ringhlel ngai lo – a chhan chu Isaia kha Pathian thlarau-in thil lo la thleng tur hmuhlawk tírin hun hmalamah mak tak maiin a hruaiah (projected into the future) an ngai hmiah thin. Hetiang hi Pathian thiltih dan a ni reng em? Bible-ah hian hetiang hi hmuh tur dang a awm em? Thupuan bu hian hnial rual loh in a tifiah a ni.

Thupuan 4:1-2 ah tihian kan hmu a; “Hetah lo chho rawh, tichuan tun hnua thil lo awm turte chu ka entir ang che,” a ti a.Tin, chawplehchilhin Thlarauvin ka lo awm ta nghal a. Johana phei kha chu leia thil lo la thleng tur mai ni lovin vana thil thleng turte pawh hmuhlawk tir a ni. Chuvang chuan Isai’an saltan hunlai lo hmulawka, a lo ziakthlap mai kha ringtu tan chuan pawm harsa a ni lo. Thil awmzia chu Isaia 40-66 hi Higher critics-te hian Isaia ziak a ni lo tih finfiahna chhete mah an nei lova, Isai’an a thih hnu daiha thil thleng tur a lo ziak diam hi ‘a ni thei lo’ tih bak hi chu tan chhan tur an nei tlem hle a ni.

Bung 1-39 leh 40-66-a tawngkam (language) hman leh a kalphung a inang lo ti te paw’n tanhmun khuar han tum thin mahse, hei hi chuan kori a tu lem lo. A chhan chu bung 1-39 leh 40-66-ah te hian tawngkam inang lo a tam an tih rual hian inang a tam em em a ni. Chu lovah an thuchah ken leh a hun leh a hmun a inan miau loh avangin tawngkam hi chu a danglam hret lo thei lo a ni. Entirnan chanchin tha Luka ziak leh Tirhkohte Thiltih bu-te pawh hi Luka ziak ve ve nimahse, heng lehkhabu pahniha a tawngkam hmante hi inang lo a tam ve em em a ni.

Tun kumtir lamah (2010) pawh khan Suria ram governor chungchang thuah Luka’n a tihsual leh sual loh chungchanga inhnialna kan hmu tawh bawk a nih kha. Khatah pawh khan higher critics-te ngaihdan ang thovin kan berampute hian an pawm tih a lo lang a. Khawvel dan pawhin mi thil tisuala puh chu finfiahna tha tawk a phut laiin, finfiahna chiangkuang nei miah lova Pathian thlarau kaihhruaina hnuaia Bible ziaktu tisuala kan puh ngam ta mai hi kan theology zirna inpui ber (Serampore college) hi bihchiana, chík taka zirchian a tul ta zawk a ni thei ang em?

Bible Pathian thawkkhum annihna kan pawmdan te hi Karl Barth-a zirtirna (neo-evangelical orthodoxy – orthodox leh liberal zirtirna lâk kawp) nen te hian a inhnaih viau lo maw? ‘Bible-a thumal tin te hi thawkkhum anni lo, keimahnia thlarau thianghlimin a rawn tifiah chin ang zel hi thawkkhum a nihna chu a ni mai’ te kan ti ve hial tawh lo maw? Bible chuan chutiangin a sawi hauh si lo. ‘Pathian Lehkha Thu zawng zawng’ hi thawkkhum a ni tih min hrilh a, keimahniah a fiah emaw fiah lo emaw, Pathian thu a nih miau avangin thawkkhum a ni tho tho. ‘Thu zawng zawng’ tih hian verbal inspiration a nih zia a tichiang bawk a.

Thenkhat chuan verbal inspiration han tih hian Pathian khan eng thumal emaw duh bik riau neiin Bible ziaktute kha chumi thumalte kher chu hmang turin a ‘nawrlui’ tihna emaw an ti thin. Chutiang ni lovin, Bible ziaktute khan a thumal leh tawngkam an duhzawng an hmanga, chungah chuan Pathianin mihringte hriattir a tum ber kha an ziah sual lohna turin a veng tlat a, an thuziak kha a thawkkhum a ni tih hi Orthodox Chritianity-in verbal inspiration a pawm dan chu a ni.

Luka kha historian rintlak a nihzia tih fiah nan entirna han tarlang zawk ila:

Luka 3:1 ah, “Tin, Tiberia Kaisara a lal achin kum sawm leh kum nga kumah (Pontia Pilata chu  Judai Ram awptu a ni a, Heroda chu Galili ram lal a ni a, a unau Philipa chu Iturea leh Trakonitis ram lal a ni a, Lusania chu Abilene ram lal a ni a..” tih kan hmu a. Hun rei tak chhung chu mithiam ten Luka thuziak hi an ringhlel thin. Achhan chu Lusania tih hmingpu an hriat chhun chu 40–36 B.C. vêla Chalcis ram lal chauh a ni thin a, Abilene ram lal Lusania tih hmingpu an awm an hre ngai tlat lo a ni.  Amaherawhchu Tiberia Kaisara hunlai ami (14–37 A.D), Damaska khuaa lungpheka thuziak an laih chhuahah chuan ‘Lusania Abilia ram lal’ tih a chuang a ni.

Higher criticism chuan Adama leh Evi te kha awm tak tak lo, thawnthu (myth) angin a pawm hmiah mai! Hei pawh hi eng dang vang ni lovin Evi leh rul inbia kha pawm harsa a ti tlat a, rul tawng thei an awm hi a ring thei lo a ni. Hetiang hian kan theologian te hian pawm ve tak maw? Balaama sabengtungte kha engtin tak ngai maw! A pawimawh ber chu Isua Krista chungchang higher criticism-in a ngaihdan hi a ni awm e. Isua kha a taka awm ngei, khenbeh a ni ngei tih pawh an pawma – Bible pâwn lamah Tacitus and Josephus ten an ziah vang a ni.

Amaherawhchu, Isua thawhlehna chu Adama leh Evi ang tho khan thawnthu (myth) ang lekah an pawm thung. Hei hi achhan chu  mi zawng zawngin a thawhleh hnu khan an hmu lova, mitlemte (ringtute) chauhin an hmu nia an ngaih vang a ni. Paula’n lal Agrippa hnena “Pathianin mitthite a kai tho tih hi engati nge awihawm lova in ruat ni?” a tih te leh Festa hnêna “Heng thu hi lal hian a hria alawm, a hnenah pawh hlau lovin ka sawi hi; heng thil hi engmah a hnenah zep a ni lo tih dik takin ka hria e; heng hi in kila tih a ni si lo” a tih te kha chu an haider hmiah mai a ni. Chu lovah Korinth mite hnenah “chu mi hnuah chuan unau zanga aia tam hnenah a inlar leh a, chu mi zinga mi  tam zawk chu tun thlengin an la dam cheu va” a tih atang pawh hian tholeh Krista kha hmutu leh hretu tam tak an awm tih a chiang hle a ni. Bible sawi ang pawm duh tlat lo tân chuan awih pawh a harsa viau ta ve ang.

Paula bawk khan “tin, Krista kha kaihthawhin a awm loh chuan in rin chu engmah lo a ni ang a, in sualnaah chuan in la awm fo a ni ang. Chuti a nih chuan Kristaa muhil tawhte kha an boral ta a ni ang. Tun dam chhung chauhva Krista chunga beiseina kan neih chuan mi zawng zawnga khawngaihthlak ber kan lo ni ang.” a ti a; Krista thawhlehna thawnthu ang leka ngaitu, Bible chík taka zirna, higher criticism leh a peng hrang hrangte [CRITICAL STUDY kan tih te pawh tiamin] hi ngaihsan tehchiam tur an lo va ni lo êm! Heng zawng zawng hi kan theologian te hmuhsitna leh ngaihnepna a ni lova, Pathian tih mi leh mithahnemngai tak tak te anni tih hi hai rual a ni lo.

Amaherawhchu hêng mite zirna leh training na hmun atan hian inerrancy of Scriptures doctrine pawm lo leh higher criticism thlarauin a man beh tlat theological university hi a tha ber em tih hi ngaihtuah tham tak a ni tawhin alang tlat a ni. Higher criticism-in kan theologian-te a thunun (influence) nasat zia chu kan sakhaw puithiam pakhatin Lal Isua’n mipui sangnga a hrai dan a hrilhfiah dan khan a tifiah hle awm e. Higher critics-te rinthu ang mai maia mipuite khan an chawfun an insem tia hrilhfiah kha hermeneutical principle kalh a ni; a chhan chu khami context ah emaw parallel verse khawiah mah khatianga ngaih theih turin Lal Isua khan thu a sawiin emaw thil a ti lo.

Dik tak phei chuan khami tlukpui kan hmuh chu mipui sangli a hrai kha a ni a, khami tum khan mipuite kha Isua hnênah ni thum lai an awm tawh avangin eitur an neih tawh loh thu AMAH Isua ngei khan a sawi a nih kha. An chawfun an insem lova, insem tur pawh an neih tawh loh hnuah, mitthi zing ata pawh tho leh thei Lal Isua Krista khan chhang pasarih leh nghate tlêm hmangin mipui sangli lai mai kha a hrai puar tih hi Bible min hrilh dan a ni. Bible sawidan piah lama rinthua Bible hrilhfiah hi hermeneutical principle (Bible hrilhfiah dan) kalh a ni tih chu theologian-te chuan an hre vek tura ngaih a ni.

Hetia kan sawi avang hian higher criticism hi kan sawisel a ni hauh lo. Sawi tawh ang khan tangkaina mual chu a nei ve a, Pathian thu (theology) zir tân phei chuan hnualsuat ngawt theih pawh a ni lo. Amaherawhchu higher critics-te sawi zawng zawng hi rin tur a ni lova (a tam zâwk phei hi chu rintlak pawh a ni lo), ngun lehzuala Pathian thu biahchian nana hman thiam a pawimawh zia sawi tumna zawk a ni.

Higher critics-te chuan duh duhin an ngaihdan awm-ang (logical) tak tak te pawh an vawrh chhuak ang, mahse an ngaihdan kha tha leh fing viauin lang mahsela, ringtu chuan Bible sawidan nen a inmil em tih kan  fiah zel tur  a ni. Dik tak chuan Pathian thu hi a dikin a rintlak a ni tih thinlunga vawng tlat chunga higher criticism-in Bible-a thu inkalh ni a langte leh thu hriatfiah harsa tak tak a rawn phawrh thin te hi kan zir chuan Pathian ropuina leh Bible hi dik lo thei lo a nih zia kan hre thin a ni.

Tun maiah chuan Bible thu har zawng zawng hrilhfiahna hi kan la nei lo a ni maithei, amaherawhchu heng thu hriatfiah harsa awmte avang hian Bible-ah hian thudik lo (errors) a awm tihna a ni lo. Higher criticism leh khawvel thiamna te hian Bible ah hian thu dik lo a awm ngei a ni tih hi tun thleng hian finfiahna pakhattêmah an la nei lo tih hi ringtu ten i hre theuh ang u. Chutih rualin Bible-ah hian thu harsa leh hrilhfiah mai theih (rih) loh tam tak a awm ve bawk ti pawh hi pawm thiam  a pawimawh hle a ni.

“Tin, kan Lalpa dawhtheihzia chu chhandamnaah ruat rawh u; kan unaupa duh tak Paula pawhin a hnena finna pek ang zela in hnena a ziak ang khan; a lehkha thawn zawng zawngah chuan chung thu chu sawiin, chutiang bawkin a ziak a ni; chungah chuan thu hriat har takte a awm a, chung chu mi fing lo leh mi nghet loten Pathian Lehkha Thu dang an ngai kawi angin an ngai kawi a, mahni leh mahni an intihboral phah thin”—[II Petera 3:15,16]

This entry was posted on Wednesday, September 29th, 2010 at 4:07 am and is filed under Religion. Both comments and pings are currently closed.