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MIZORAM LEH NEW LAND USE POLICY (NLUP)

By B.Lalremtluanga; Source : The Zozam Times 2nd June 2010
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Kan sorkarin nasa zawkin kut hnathawktu hlawk ve theih nan NLUP hmangin tan khawh leh a tum mek a, Rs. Vaibelchhe za lai dah a nih thu tarlan mek ani. Hetiang khawp a sum tam sen a ni dawn a. Hlawhtlinglo atan chuan a uihawm lutuk tlat mai. Uluk taka akalphung hi duan a hun tak zet mai. Tunlai hian Mizoram public space- ah titi a ti tam chho leh mek tawh a. NLUP hi eng nge a nih chiah tih hi a bulbal tak (history) atangin huang zau takin chhui kan tum dawn ani.

SAP HO LEH INDIA RAM NGAW :
British ten India ram an pawngsual hnu lawkah sum hmuh theihna tur apiang an dap kual a, Rang taka an thil hmuhchhuah chu India ram ramngaw hlutna kha a ni. Industy hrang hrang coal mines & mining, paper industry, iron and steel, coffee & tea industry, cotton industry, opium industry, plantation industry, rubber an rawn din a, heng an industry rawn din tuar bertu chu ramngaw te an ni. Industry mamawh atan India forest zau tak tak chu an vat chereu nasa hle a.

Kum 1832 atangin an sum dawn hlawk zel theih nan Rel kawng an siam tan a, rel kawng siam nan hian forest thing an mamawhna a lian tial tial a. India rama forest luahtu tribal ten nen innghirnghona a thleng chho tan ta a ni. An industry mamawh thil avang hian tribal chenna forest chu an va hauh ringawt a, tihluihna nen an um chhuak dawr dawr thin a ni. An duh hun hun ah forest dan (protected forests & reserve forests) an siam chawp hmiah hmiah a.

Heng tribal tam berte hian a tlangpui thuin Jhum cultivation an lo hmang deuh fur a. An sumdawnna bak forest chhe thei kha nasa takin an sawisel a, tribal lo neih dan hian forest a ti chhe nasa an ti deuh reng thin a ni. Tribal ho ten puithuna hrang hrang nen uluk taka ramngaw an enkawlna lai erawh an thluk duh reng reng lo. A tak ramah chuan tribal ai chuan British te khan India ram forest an suasam nasa zawk daih si.

Industry an dinna hmunah reng reng ramngaw a awm theih tawh miah lohna turin an cheibawl danglam vek ani. Kum 1864 ah Forest Act an siam hnu phei chuan tribal te nun khawchhuahna tur ramngaw thlengin an rawn hauh ta zel a. Tribal te pawh vawiduai lo helna lian tham an chawk chhuah nghe nghe a ni. (Chotanagpur in 1893, in Bastar in 1910, in Gudem-Rampa in 1879-80 and again in 1922-23, in Midnapur in 1920, and in Adilabad in 1940) Mizoram hrul Cachar ram thleng in ramngaw an rawn vat chereu ta a nih kha.

SAP HO LEH JHUM CULTIVATION :
Hetiang a British ten ramngaw a piang sum hmuh nan an melh tlat avang hian Jhum cultivation chu an hmu hlei thei lo tan a. “ Forest ti chhe bertu a ni e” an han ti ta nghal pang mai a. Tribal ten eizawnna ngialnghet zawk an duh vang ni hran hauh lovin, settled cultivation an sawi mawi tan a. British mi zingah tribal hma ngai (e.g Verrier Elwin) an lo awm ve ta zel a, Jhum tih bo vekin tribal nunphung a nghawng theih thu an tlangau pui a. Hmun thenkhatah chuan forest tha lai chin an tuk a, forest thing hman tangkai theih lohnaah chuan jhum cultivation tih an phal sak chauh lawi a, ram chhe laia lo neih duh bik hek lo, ram tha laiah ngat tribal ten lo an han buatsaih a, sap ho khan an thlai chi nen lam an rawn chil darh sak veleh thung a, Jhum cultivation tih tawp avangin India ram hmun tamtakah helna tam tak a chhuak zui a.

Hemi baka forest department reng reng kha revenue department hnuaiah an dah deuh ngei ngei ziah mai khan hlawkna um an nih zia a tilang hle. Kan Bawrhsap Thangliana(TH Lewin) ngei pawhin jhum cultivation atang chuan tax lak tur a tlem em avangin jhum cultivation hi titawp vat ila, settled cultivation kan tih tir hnuah chuan tax pawh hlawk zawkin ka la thei tawh ang tiin a lo sawi hial a, (Hutchinson, RH Sneyd, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Eastern Bengal and Assam District Gazetteers, Allahabad, 1909. p.66) Burma ram lamah pawh Jhum cultivation an hman thin kha teak chinna hmun atan hman theih a nih beiseiin kum 1856 ah (taungy) eizawnna dang an dap ruai mai bawk.

India ram hmun dang tamtakah pawh jhum cultivation chu khap a ni ta fur a. Mizoram ah erawh kan lalte hnuaiah jhum cultivation tih min phalsak a. Kan ram thing leh mau chanchin an duhtawk an zir hnuah an duh zawng a awm meuh lo niin a lang, tin kan ram chhengchhe lutuk atanga lakchhuah huphurh awm nen. A theih ang chin, engtirnan rubber te erawh a ral raih hman a nih kha. An duh zawng tak awm se, jhum cultivation hi an khap ngei ngeiin a rinawm.

JHUM CULTIVATION HI AN CHHE DAWNG TU ANI :
India Independent hnuah chuan forest policy hi British ngaihdan chhunzawm a tam ta hle a. India parliament ah pawh vawi duailo inhnial na a awm phah a, Environment lam harhtharna nasa tak a awm chhoh hnuah thleng pawhin jhum cultivation chuan dem a hlawh chho zel a. Tunhnai mai tih loh ah phei chuan jhum cultivation nihna kha research mumal tak hmanga zir chian a ni ngai lova, pawnlang an hmuh dan atangin an dem ngawt mai ani. Forest leh enrvironment venhim theihna turan mithiam an in hnial tlut tlut a. Thingtlang loneitute dinkhawm chhuahna lam ai mah khan forest lai hrim hrim khan mithiamte lung a len tlat ani. Tunhnaiah Community Forest Management, Joint Forest Management tih sawi lar anih hnuah thingtlang loneitute harsatna atanga thlir ve tan chuah ani.

RAMNGAW NGE PAWIMAWH A LONEITU / KUTHNATHAWK TUTE:
Heng thil hi ka rawn sawi duahna chhan hi eng dang ni lovin Central atanga NLUP min rawn tuipui tan tirh lai khan thingtlang loneitu (a mihring) lai tak hi nilovin, forest hausakna venhim hi an dah pawimawh zawk a ni mailo maw? A mihring dah pawimawh zawkzia an hriatchhuahna chu tunhnai lawk khawvel pum huapa Traditional /Indigenous Forest Management an tih mai thin chu mithiam ten an tuipui thar hnuah chauh ani.

NLUP buatsaih a nih lai pawh hian “mihring” nge a dah paimawh “ramngaw” tih hi zawhna lian tak ani. Jhum cultivation tihtawp tumna hi forest discourse chhung atangin a ni deuh zel a. Kum 1952 ah khan The National Forest Policy hmanga jhum cultivation tih tawp rel ani. Indian Council of Agriculture research chuan Kum 1956 ah chuan India ramah chhungkua 5,28,940 ten 1,355,300 acres an hmangin a chhut a. India hmarchhakah chuam kum 1976 ah 2.7 million hectres ah mi 2.5 million ten jhum an hmang thin a chhut ani. Kum 1988 ah The National Forest Policy siam thar leh a nih pawh khan jhum cultivation tihtawp tumna policy pawh nasa zawka duan ani.

Horticulture, agra forestry, dairy, piggery, farming, trade, private leh public sector hmanga kawng nasa zawk a zawn ani. Hetih lai hian Authentic survey erawh tunhnai thlengin a awm mumal lo. Heng sorkar policy hrang hrang te hi logic taka kan en chuan, NLUP pawh hi intodelhna programme ni lovin, jhum cultivation tihtawp hrim hrim tumna a ang ber zawk a ni. Kum 1984 24th November ah NLUP hman tan a nih khan kum 1994 ah chuan jhum cultivation hi nuaibo vek hman an inbeisei hle a nih kha. Thil chiang taka erawh kum za tam kan lo chin tawh kum rei lo te chhunga tihreh thut tur chuan tharum hmanga chetchhuah hial a ngai ta ve ang.

JHUM CULTIVATION TIHTLEM RINGAWT HIAN “INTODELH” TIH A KAWK EM? : National Commission on Agriculture remruatpuina in NLUP kalphung tur chu hetiang deuh a duan a lo ni tawh a (1) Wet rice cultivation, minor irrigation, settle cultivation hmanga hma lak (2) Horticulture hman theihna tihhmasawn a. A tul anga chhung tin te hectare 2 tal enkawl tir. (3) Agri-sivicultural operations and commercial forest planatation lama hma lak (4) ranvulh leh small cottage industry lama hma lak. Nasa zawka kalpui a nih theih nan,
Rural Development Department (1990-1991) kutah nasa tak pek ai. An ni kaihhruaina hian hmalakna hrang hrang duah tawh ani. Rural Department chu tihlen a nih hnuah Controlling Officer chu Commissioner ah dah chhoh ani.

Project hrang hrang (e.g “Aibawk Jhum Control Project” 1987-1988) tih chhin a ni a. Kum 1990-1991 ah chuan NLUP block 4 atan Rs. 1200 lakhs lai senral ani. Kum 1990 and 1996 chhung khan sorkar chuan Rs. 132 crores chuang daih a seng ral a. Department of Rural Development chuan Kum 1990-1991 ah survey an neihnaah chuan, department hrang hrang (Agriculture, A.H&Vety, Industries, Fisheries, Forest) atangin chhungkaw 14271 ten hlawkpuina tel angin an tarlang a. A hlawhtlinna tak tak erawh a la tlem lam deuh niin a lang.

Sorkar chuan Jhum cultivation hmangtu an tlem tial tial em tih kha tehna fungah a hmang ringawt mai a Mahse, jhum cultivation inhnamhnawih hi tlem chho viau se, lo neitu leh kuthnathawhtute hi an intodelh hle tih a kawk ringawt thei lo. Jhum cultivation hmang miah lo hian intodelh lo zetin kan awm thei tho mai tih erawh kan ngaihtuah hle a hun. NLUP hian intodelhna tak tak a pe em tih hi tehna pawimawh tak zawk ani. Hetih mek lai hian NLUP chung changah zawhna la awm thei fo chu :

1) Govt. sum pek hi a dik takin hman ani em?
2) He scheme hi kan monitor tha em, a nihna takah kan hmang em?
3) Kan harsatna a sukiang chiah em?
4) A rahchhuah hi loneitute tan a tangkai thawkhat em?
5) Kan pawisa hmanchhuah atanga chhutin kan hlawhchhuah engzat chiah nge?

NLUP KALSUALNA LEH SIAM THAT TULNA :
NLUP chung chang mumal zawka lo zirchiangtu L.K Jha (Natural Resource Management : Mizoram) chuan NLUP kalphung fuhtawk lohna heti hian a tarlang a :
1) Plan mumal a awm lo.
2) Loneitute mumal taka kaihhruaina a awm mumal lo
3) Officer transfer sek hian hna a ti buai.
4) A dawng tur dik tak ten an dawn theih nan, a semchhuah dan kalphung mumal taka endik pui a tul….awareness tha zawk neih a tul.
5) Sorkar leh khawtlang pawl ten mumal taka endik pui a tul………..awareness tha zawk neih a tul
6) Hnathawk tha lo leh a nihna taka hmang lo apiang hi hremna mumal tak a awm ngei a ngai.
7) NLUP atan hnathawk tha hi lawmman siam sak ngei nise. Loneitute tisa leh thlarau lama chawikanna hmanrua a ni ang.
NLUP hnathawk endiktur pawl mumal tak ruat ngei a ngai, tunah hian Rural Development hnuaiah kalpui ani, mahse department dang nen an thawhhona hi a khawma enfel leh a harsa em em

Thingtlang khaw tamtakah chuan thil a harsa em em. Sum chang a harsa lova, nitin eichawp tur chawhmeh van chang a tam hle, hei hi uluk taka kan ngaihtuah a ngai. Entirnan, NLUP block khat a awm thingtlang mite kha inpuitawn theih tura kalphung duan a hun hle. Entirnan, khawkhatah vawk vulh tir chiam khan an vulh chhungin enge an ei ang? Vawkvulhtu awmnaah khan farm neitu leh thlai thar rang awmna farm leh thil dang mamawh lakna tur awm tel ngei se kawng a awm zawk ang em?

INKALPAWHNA MAWLH MAI HI :
NLUP hlawhtling tur chuan inkalpawhna hi kan thuam that ngei ngei a ngai. Vawkvulh tu khan khawpui lian zawkah engtin nge vawksa a rawn zawrh theih ang. Thlai thar zuartu khaw hla zawk a mi hian engtin nge a thlai thar hi khawpui lamah a rawn ken luh theih ang. Hei hi ngaihtuah ngei ngei a tul. Thar chhuah tawh hnuah pawh hralhna mumal awm leh loh avanga, motor chil tir mai mai kha a awm tawh loh a tha hle.

KUTDAWH RLRU BANSAN A HUN :
Kuhdawh rilru hi kan bansan a hun tawh. Loneitute pawhin a thlawna dawn tur ringawt melh hi bansan a hun. NLUP hi a thlawn ngawt emaw I ti lovang u. Rulh let leh hi kan tihtur a ni. A thlawn ringawt beiseina hian kan chhungril nun a ti corrupt a, mahni ke a ding thei lo ke baiah min siam nasa tawh lutuk.

KHAWPUI CHHUNG ATANGA MIZORAM RAM NGAW LO VEI VIAU HO HI :
Mizoram forest chhiatna chhan hi jhum cultivation hi kan puh hi a dik e. Thingtlang mite an duh vang a ni lova, an damkhawchhuah nan an tihna zawn hi khawpui chhung a awm mek, mahni in kawtkai a thingkung pakhat pawh awm theih lohna a cheng ho hian in hriat ve a ngai. Aizawl space atangin kan ram a ram ngaw te hi I vei viau thin a ni mai thei. Mahse, Aizawl khawchhungah leh a chhehvelah hian thingkung awmna tur emaw ramngaw awm theihna tur hmun I siam bik em tih hi lo ngaihtuah phawt mai teh.

Mimal ten plantation an tihna hian forest a ti chhe lo chuang em ni? Forest ecology zawnga kan chhut rau rau a nih chuan serthlum hmun hian ramngaw a ti chhe lo chuang em ni? Jhum cultivation ah chuan thing to na turin hmun an pe leh thin zawk a sin. Thingtlang kawnga I teak hmun kha ramngaw tih tur ani chiah em? I duh hunah I kit anga, I mimal hlawkna leh sorkar hlawkna a ni mai lawm ni? Heti chung hian thingtlang loneitute aiin forest lai hi I lo vei vel viau mai maw? Forest hi venhim a pawimawh e, mahse, mihirng hi dah pawimawh hmasa phawt mai teh.

Kan rama privatization in ram alak duai duai zia hi I hai der dawn em ni? Kan chek vat lo a nih phei chuan nakin lawk ah social unrest a thlen dawn. A nih leh forest department ho ten an enkawl mek, ramngaw hi a chereu lo bik em ni? Jhum hi Mizoram duh lai lai ah a tih theih loh a, village leh district council control chinah a ni an tih thin ni. Mizoram forest pum 87% ah chuan 33% chauh hi community control na hnuaia awm ani lawm ni kha. Hei pawh hi a tak ram ani chiah em? Tichuan, jhum cultivation tih theih lohna hmun forest hian ramngaw a duah bik hluah hluah bik lo tih I hre ngut em le?

JHUM CULTIVATION TIHTAWP TUM HI I SIM ANG U?
Ziak hmasa lamah khian NLUP chu intodelhna tur a nih lam ai mahin ramngaw venhim tumna leh jhum hrim hrim tihtawp duhna a ang zawk tiin ngaihdan kan siam tawh a. Tuna kan dinhmunah hian kan kalphung hi thlak ta chhin ila, entirnan kan thenawm lawk Meghalaya ah chuan jhum cultivation tih tawp tumin hma an la tawh lova, her danglam tumin hma an la mek zawk ani. An hlawhtling chho em em mek a. An state Community Forest Management leh Joint Forest Management hnathawh phei chu khawvel hriatthamin an tlangau pui ngam tawh ani. Kan ramah pawh jhum tihtawp tum hi sim ila, siam rem hlek hlek I tum zawk ang u. Hei hi a hlawhtling zawk ngeiin a rinawm.

RESEARCH LAMA TAN LAK ANGAI :
Tunah hian kan sorkarin nasa zawkin hma lak leh a tum meka. India ram state lian zawk ten an ngaihpawimawh thin research mumal hi a dah pawimawh ve ngei a hun tawh ani. NLUP kalphung tawh zawng zawng leh a hlawhtlin leh hlawhtlin lohna chin te, hmalakna tur atan a tha te, kan ram leilung dinhmun te, hma lam hun thui tak thlir in research nasa tak beih ve hi a hun tawh ani. NLUP in kaihhnawih thil tam tak land reform chung chang te thleng hian kan zir ngun a hun tawh ani. Sorkar hian hemi atan sum sen hi hreh suh se, nakinah kan ramin kan chhawr tur a nih dawn avangin a in chhir awm reng reng loh ang.

GENDER BALANCE ZAWNG A POLICY HER REM A HUN :
Khawvel ramtina agriculture lam eizawnna reng reng a hnathawk nasa ber chu hmeichhia an ni. Thenkhat chuan hmeichhia ten agiculture an hnatawh zawng zawng hi 80% laiin an chhut ani. Hetih lai hian hriselna kawngah te leh thil kawng hrang hrang ah hmeichhe dinhmun hi a chhe viau zel ani. Mizorama NLUP policy kalphung tawhte kan en chuan, gender zawng a awareness awm meuh lo a tih theih awm e, NLUP policy duan a nih lai hian hmeichia te hamthatna tur kawng hi mumal zawk a duan tel ngei hi tihtur ni awm tak ani.

NLUP policy kalphung hi kan hmeichhe pawlte pawhin mumal zawka an lo research ve a, hmeichhe dinhmun famkim tawk lo leh hmeichhia ten nasa zawka hamthatna an dawn ve theih na tur an lo tlangaupui ve dawn lawm ni?Khawpui chhungah puanchei nen seminar changkang deuh deuh kan buatsiah leh mai mai zawk dawn ni le?

Kan rama mipui tam zawk loneitu leh kuthnathawktute chhawr ve theih tura hmalakna NLUP hi tlema ngaihtuah peih mi te chuan uluk zawka kan ven pui a tul. A hlawhtlin leh hlawhtlin loh hian kan ram dinhmun thui takin a kaihhruai dawn miau avangin theihtawp I chhuah tlang ang u le.

Note/courtesy: He Article hi a sei viau nain a chhiartlak hle mai. rawtna leh ngaihtuah zuia inhnial theih tak jhumming chungchang te hi sawiho chi ani e. Ka lawme

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